A virtual switch is a logically defined switching instance created by assigning a physical switch’s ports to a VLAN. Each instance operates as a separate Layer 2 broadcast domain, even though the hardware is shared. section 12.1.2
A switch does not forward or flood frames between VLANs. Hosts in different virtual switches therefore require Layer 3 communication through a router, and CCNA practice generally assumes one subnet per VLAN. section 12.1.2 section 12.5
Three virtual switches on SW1
Assigning SW1 ports G0/0–G0/3 to VLAN 10, G1/0–G1/3 to VLAN 20, and G2/0–G2/3 to VLAN 30 creates three separate virtual switches. A broadcast entering VLAN 10 remains within VLAN 10.


