Network bandwidth is the total number of bits transferable over a connection per second. Four 1 Gbps links provide 4 Gbps of combined bandwidth. section 16.1
Adding links increases total capacity, not the speed of each individual link. A four-link EtherChannel can provide 4 Gbps overall, while one communication still uses a maximum of 1 Gbps; load balancing can reduce congestion. section 16.3
A congested switch connection
Four separate links between switches do not automatically provide four times the usable bandwidth because STP blocks redundant links. EtherChannel combines them into one logical link so all can remain active without Layer 2 loops. section 16.1



