System architecture for data processing spans CPU, memory, local storage, and networks. Improving performance means considering architecture and implementation, rather than assuming that adding servers is the answer. section 1.1 section 6.1
Changes in data scale can force changes to the system:
- A single-computer solution may require multiple machines, workload distribution, and correct data partitioning as demand grows. section 1.1
- Data that no longer fits in memory may need to move to disk, often requiring a substantial code rewrite. section 1.1












