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What you will learn in Spring in Action, Sixth Edition

by Craig Walls

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Chapter by chapter

Concepts explained in this book

• MonoMono is Project Reactor's publisher type for asynchronously emitting zero or one element, including no element when parameterized with Void.
• Spring Boot starterA Spring Boot starter is a dependency descriptor that transitively brings together libraries needed for a particular application capability.
• authorization serverAn authorization server is a system that authenticates clients or resource owners and issues access tokens for authorized access to protected resources.
• API keyAn access token is a credential that authorizes a client to access protected resources on behalf of a user or other resource owner.
• flatmapflatMap is a Project Reactor operator that maps each source element to a publisher and merges the resulting publishers into one sequence.
• Spring BootA Spring application built with Spring Boot, typically packaged with the components needed to run as a self-contained application.
• resource serverA resource server is a server that protects resources by validating access tokens and enforcing their scopes before serving requests.
• authorization code flowAn OAuth2 flow in which a client exchanges a short-lived authorization code for an access token after the resource owner grants consent.
• application propertiesapplication.properties is a conventional Spring Boot configuration file that expresses application settings as properties.
• MessageConverterMessageConverter is a Spring interface for converting between application objects and JMS Message objects.
• messageAn integration message is a data-bearing unit that moves through components of an integration flow.
• repository patternA repository interface is an interface that declares data-access operations for an entity while leaving their persistence implementation to a supporting framework.
• application contextA Spring container that creates, configures, and manages an application's beans, dependencies, and runtime configuration.
• Spring Boot autoconfigurationA Spring Boot mechanism that conditionally configures application components based on the classpath, properties, environment, and other application conditions.
• mapmap is a Project Reactor operator that transforms each value emitted by a reactive publisher into another value while preserving the publisher type.
• subscribesubscribe is a Project Reactor operation that attaches a subscriber to a publisher and initiates signal consumption.
• integration flowAn integration flow is an ordered sequence of messaging components that receives, transforms, routes, or sends data between an application and external resources.
• StepVerifierStepVerifier is a Project Reactor testing utility that subscribes to a Publisher and verifies its emitted signals and completion behavior.
• taketake is a Project Reactor operator that limits the number of elements emitted by a publisher and then completes.
• transformer interfaceGenericTransformer is a Spring Integration functional interface for transforming a message payload or message into another value.
• Java DSLJava DSL is a Spring Integration domain-specific language expressed through Java APIs for declaratively defining integration flows.
• JmsTemplateJmsTemplate is a Spring API that simplifies JMS message production and consumption by managing messaging boilerplate and exceptions.
• component scanningA Spring technique that discovers eligible application components on the classpath and registers them as beans in the application context.
• Actuator endpointAn Actuator endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator management interface that exposes operational data or operations through supported communication mechanisms.
• controllerA controller class is a web-application component that receives and handles client requests.
• Spring InitializrA service and project-generation tool that creates initial Spring projects from selected metadata, dependencies, and framework versions.
• Spring Data CassandraSpring Data Cassandra is a Spring Data project that provides repository-based persistence for Cassandra databases.
• Spring Boot Maven pluginThe Spring Boot Maven plugin integrates Spring Boot application packaging and execution tasks into Maven builds.
• Spring Authorization ServerSpring Authorization Server is a Spring project that provides implementation components for building an OAuth2 authorization server.
• RabbitMQRabbitMQ is an open-source message broker that implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol and routes messages between producers and consumers.
• handlerA Spring Integration handler contract for processing an incoming message.
• channelA message channel is a Spring Integration messaging destination through which messages are passed between components in an integration flow.
• refresh tokenA refresh token is a credential that a client presents to an authorization server to obtain a new access token after the current one expires.
• Java configurationApplication configuration specified directly by the developer rather than inferred automatically by the framework.
• Spring Data R2DBCSpring Data R2DBC is a Spring Data project that provides repository-based persistence for relational databases through the Reactive Relational Database Connectivity API.
• Spring Data JDBCSpring Data JDBC is a Spring Data project that provides repository abstractions for persisting objects through JDBC without requiring a full object-relational mapping framework.
• JAR fileA JAR file is a Java Archive that packages compiled classes, resources, and metadata for distribution or execution.
• producerA producer is a messaging client that creates and sends messages to a destination.
• endpointA REST endpoint is an addressable HTTP interface through which a client accesses a resource or operation according to REST principles.
• @modelattribute@ModelAttribute is a Spring MVC annotation that binds request data to a model or method parameter and exposes the resulting object to a controller method.
• Taco CloudA sample online Spring application for ordering tacos created in this book.
• MessagePostProcessorMessagePostProcessor is a Spring JMS callback interface that modifies a Message after conversion and before sending.
• filteringA reactive filter is a Project Reactor operator that emits only source elements satisfying a predicate.
• RabbitTemplateRabbitTemplate is a Spring AMQP API element that provides operations for sending and receiving messages through RabbitMQ.
• RSocketRSocket is a binary application protocol that supports reactive interaction patterns including request-response, request-stream, and fire-and-forget communication.
• @transient@Transient is a Spring Data MongoDB annotation that excludes a domain property from document persistence.
• CrudRepositoryCrudRepository is a Spring Data repository interface that provides generic create, read, update, and delete operations for persistent domain objects.
• Spring Boot ActuatorSpring Boot Actuator is a Spring Boot module that exposes operational and management information about a running application.
• R2DBCR2DBC is a specification and API for nonblocking reactive connectivity to relational databases.
• Flux.fromIterable()Flux.fromIterable() is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a Flux from an Iterable source.
• HTTP response codeAn HTTP status code is a three-digit code in an HTTP response that indicates the result of processing a request.
• ThymeleafThymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for generating dynamic HTML and other text-based views.
• info endpointThe info endpoint is an Actuator interface that exposes application information such as build metadata and version-control commit details.
• @DataR2dbcTest@DataR2dbcTest is a Spring Boot test annotation that configures an application context with Spring Data R2DBC components for repository integration testing.
• clientA client application is software that requests authorization and uses access tokens to access a protected resource server.
• KubernetesKubernetes is a container orchestration platform that manages deployment, scaling, networking, and lifecycle operations for containerized applications.
• Spring beanAn object instantiated, configured, and managed by the Spring application context.
• aggregate rootThe designated domain object that serves as the entry point for access to the objects within an aggregate.
• /env endpointThe /env endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator HTTP endpoint that exposes and can modify properties in the application environment.
• /loggers endpointThe /loggers endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator HTTP endpoint that reports and changes configured logging levels.
• reactive streamA stream-processing abstraction that handles data elements as they become available and can represent an unbounded sequence of elements.
• Jakarta MessagingJMS messaging is the Java standard programming model for sending and receiving messages through a JMS-compliant message broker.
• inbound channel adapterAn inbound channel adapter is a Spring Integration endpoint that receives data from an external system and supplies messages to an integration flow.
• SpringAn open-source Java application framework that provides infrastructure for building applications through containers, dependency injection, web support, data access, security, integration, and related capabilities.
• request-response APIA request-response model is a communication pattern in which one party sends a request and waits for a corresponding response.
• SimpleMessageConverterSimpleMessageConverter is Spring's JMS converter that performs basic payload conversion and requires sent objects to implement Serializable for object messages.
• Project ReactorProject Reactor is a Java library that provides reactive types and operators for asynchronous, nonblocking stream processing.
• reactive programmingReactive programming is a programming approach based on asynchronous processing of data streams and the propagation of change over time.
• @postmapping@PostMapping is a Spring MVC annotation that maps HTTP POST requests to a controller method.
• configuration classA Spring annotation marking a Java class as a source of bean definitions for the application context.
• convertAndSend()convertAndSend() is a JmsTemplate method that converts an application object into a JMS message and sends it.
• MappingJackson2MessageConverterMappingJackson2MessageConverter is a Spring JMS converter that serializes and deserializes message payloads as JSON using Jackson.
• MessageCreatorMessageCreator is a Spring JMS callback interface whose implementation creates a JMS Message for sending.
• JSON Web KeyA JSON Web Key is a JSON representation of a cryptographic key used for signing, verification, encryption, or decryption.
• JWKSourceJWKSource is an API abstraction that supplies JSON Web Keys for cryptographic operations.
• RegisteredClientRepositoryRegisteredClientRepository is a Spring Security interface for storing and retrieving registered OAuth 2 client details.
• bufferbuffer is a Project Reactor operator that groups source elements into collections of a specified size or according to a buffering condition.
• collectListcollectList is a Project Reactor operator that collects all source elements into a List emitted by a Mono.
• collectMapcollectMap is a Project Reactor operator that collects source elements into a Map whose keys are computed by a function and whose values are the elements.
• distinct keyworddistinct is a Project Reactor operator that emits each distinct source element only once.
• schedulerA Project Reactor scheduler provides an execution context and worker resources for running reactive tasks.
• skipskip is a Project Reactor operator that suppresses a specified number of source elements or elements emitted before a specified duration.
• subscribeOnsubscribeOn is a Project Reactor operator that specifies the scheduler on which subscription and upstream work are performed.
• autoconfiguration reportAn autoconfiguration report is a diagnostic record of conditional configurations that matched, did not match, or were applied unconditionally.
• /beans endpointThe /beans endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator HTTP endpoint that returns descriptions of the beans in the application contexts.
• @conditionalonmissingbean@ConditionalOnMissingBean is a Spring Boot condition annotation that matches when no bean of a specified type or name is already present.
• /conditions endpointThe /conditions endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator HTTP endpoint that reports the outcomes of conditional autoconfiguration.
• /mappings endpointThe /mappings endpoint is a Spring Boot Actuator HTTP endpoint that lists HTTP request handlers and their request mappings.
• WAR fileA WAR file is a Java Web Application Archive containing the resources and metadata needed to deploy a web application to a servlet container.
• Spring Boot AdminA Spring Boot Admin server is the server component that receives, collects, and displays Actuator information from registered Spring Boot Admin clients.
• UserDetailsServiceUserDetailsService is a Spring Security interface that retrieves user-specific authentication details synchronously.
• JdbcTemplateJdbcTemplate is a Spring API element that simplifies relational database access by providing template methods around JDBC operations.
• ResponseEntityResponseEntity is a Spring type that represents an HTTP response together with its body, headers, and other response details.
• dependency managementDependency management is the practice of declaring, resolving, and controlling the external libraries required by an application.
• HTTP headerA response header is an HTTP field carrying metadata from a server response separately from its payload body.
• MavenMaven is a build automation and dependency-management tool for Java projects.
• Maven wrapperThe Maven Wrapper is a set of project-local scripts that downloads or invokes a specified Maven version without requiring a system-wide Maven installation.
• project object modelA Maven project object model file that declares a project's metadata, dependencies, plugins, and build configuration.
• Spring Boot starter parentThe Spring Boot starter parent is a Maven parent POM that supplies default build configuration and dependency version management for Spring Boot projects.
• SpringApplication.runSpringApplication.run is a Spring Boot entry-point method that bootstraps an application and creates its Spring application context.
• @SpringBootApplication@SpringBootApplication is a Spring Boot annotation that combines configuration, automatic configuration, and component scanning.
• @SpringBootTest@SpringBootTest is a Spring Boot testing annotation that loads an application context with Spring Boot test support.
• testAn automated test is executable code that checks software behavior without requiring a human to perform each test step.
• channel adapterA channel adapter is a Spring Integration component that connects a message channel to an external system by receiving or sending messages.
• CassandraCassandra is a distributed database designed to store and query data in a wide-column data model.
• json()json() is a WebTestClient assertion operation that compares a response body with an expected JSON string.
• @ServiceActivatorA service activator is a Spring Integration endpoint that receives messages from a channel and invokes message-processing logic, optionally producing a message for an output channel.
• clustering keyA clustering key is the component of a Cassandra primary key that determines the ordering of rows within a partition.
• partitioning keyA partition key is the component of a Cassandra primary key that determines the partition in which a row is stored.
• @Id@Id is a Spring Data JDBC annotation that marks a domain-property field as the persistent identity of an object.
• RestTemplateRestTemplate is a Spring client API for making synchronous HTTP requests and mapping HTTP responses to Java objects.
• JSON Web TokenA JWT is a compact, signed or encrypted JSON-based token format for conveying claims between parties.
• container imageA container image is an immutable package containing an application's filesystem, runtime dependencies, metadata, and startup configuration for creating containers.
• FluxFlux is Project Reactor's publisher type for asynchronously emitting zero or more ordered elements.
• Spring Boot DevToolsSpring Boot DevTools is a Spring Boot development-time library that provides automatic restart, browser refresh, template-cache disabling, and related development features.
• account registrationUser registration is the process of creating a persistent application account from submitted personal and credential information.
• authorizationAuthorization is the process of determining which actions or resources an authenticated entity is permitted to access.
• login pageA custom login page is an application-provided web page through which users submit credentials for authentication.
• view templateA Thymeleaf template is an HTML-oriented view document containing markup that Thymeleaf can process to produce rendered output.
• Kubernetes manifestA deployment manifest is a declarative configuration document that specifies how Kubernetes should deploy and operate an application workload.
• Spring MVCSpring MVC is Spring's web framework for implementing model-view-controller applications and handling HTTP requests.
• Spring IntegrationSpring Integration is a Spring framework project for implementing message-based integration flows between applications and application components.
• @getmapping@GetMapping is a Spring MVC annotation that maps HTTP GET requests to a controller method.
• converterA Spring Converter is a class implementing the Converter interface to transform a value from one type into another during data binding.
• redirect viewA redirect view is a controller response instruction that causes the client's browser to request another path.
• @profile@Profile is a Spring annotation that restricts bean or configuration-class creation to specified active profiles.
• @ConfigurationProperties@ConfigurationProperties is a Spring Boot annotation that binds externally defined configuration properties with a specified prefix to a bean's fields or properties.
• Spring Reactive WebSpring WebFlux is Spring's reactive web framework for building web applications that process requests and responses using reactive programming.
• imperative programmingImperative programming is a programming approach in which computation is expressed as an ordered sequence of commands that directly update state or perform actions.
• health indicatorThe HealthIndicator interface is a Spring Boot Actuator contract for components that provide application health status information.
• exchangeAn exchange is an AMQP message-routing component that accepts messages and routes them to queues according to exchange type, bindings, and routing keys.
• routing keyA routing key is a string carried with a RabbitMQ message that an exchange uses to determine message routing.
• message listenerA message listener is a method or component that is invoked when a message arrives on a messaging destination.
• Cassandra persistenceCassandra persistence is the storage and retrieval of application data in Cassandra tables using Cassandra's data model.
• primary keyA primary key is a Cassandra key definition that identifies rows and can combine partitioning and clustering components.
• @primarykeycolumn@PrimaryKeyColumn is a Spring Data Cassandra annotation that maps a property to a specifically configured primary-key column.
• user-defined typeA Cassandra user-defined type is a schema-defined composite type whose fields can be stored together in a column.
• @userdefinedtype@UserDefinedType is a Spring Data Cassandra annotation that identifies a class as representing a Cassandra user-defined type.
• Spring SecuritySpring Security is a Spring framework for securing applications through authentication, authorization, and related security mechanisms.
• functional web programming modelA functional programming model structures application behavior around functions and function composition rather than annotation-driven components.
• API gatewayA gateway interface is an interface whose methods provide an application-facing entry point for sending messages into an integration flow.
• WebTestClientWebTestClient is a Spring reactive testing client for exercising HTTP endpoints and verifying their responses without starting a server.
• restcontroller annotation@RestController is a Spring annotation that marks a controller whose handler methods write response data directly to the HTTP response body by default.
• outbound channel adapterAn outbound channel adapter is an integration endpoint that sends messages from a channel to an external system or resource without generating a reply message.
• readiness checkA readiness probe is a Kubernetes health check that determines whether an application instance is prepared to receive traffic.
• @requestmappingA request-mapping annotation is a Spring web annotation that associates an HTTP request pattern with a handler method or controller.
• @destinationvariable@DestinationVariable is a Spring annotation that binds a handler-method parameter to a variable extracted from an RSocket route.
• aggregateAn aggregate is a domain-driven design cluster of related objects treated as a unit for consistency and lifecycle management.
• RxJavaRxJava is a Java implementation of the ReactiveX programming model for composing asynchronous and event-based sequences.
• health check endpointA health endpoint is an Actuator HTTP endpoint that returns the health status of an application and optionally its health-indicator details.
• CORSCORS is a web security mechanism that allows a server to declare which origins may access its resources from browser-based clients.
• @crossorigin@CrossOrigin is a Spring annotation that configures cross-origin resource sharing for a controller or handler method.
• path variableA path variable is a value embedded in a URL path and bound to a controller method parameter.
• @pathvariable@PathVariable is a Spring MVC annotation that binds a controller method parameter to a variable in the request path.
• authenticationAuthentication is a Spring Security object that represents an authentication request or the resulting authenticated identity and authorities.
• reactive repository supportA reactive Cassandra repository is a repository abstraction for Cassandra persistence whose data-access operations expose reactive publishers.
• keyspaceA Cassandra keyspace is a namespace that groups tables and defines replication-related settings for them.
• authorized clientAn OAuth2 client registration associated with an authorized resource owner and its obtained access tokens.
• bearer authenticationAn access token presented in an HTTP Authorization header using the Bearer authentication scheme.
• request interceptorA component that intercepts outgoing client requests to modify them before transmission.
• request scopeA Spring bean scope in which a separate bean instance is created for each HTTP request.
• Spring Security OAuth 2 clientThe Spring Security module that implements OAuth2 client-side authorization flows, token acquisition, and authenticated resource requests.
• scopeAn OAuth2 scope is a named permission specifying the protected resources or claims a client may request from a provider.
• security ruleA security rule is a declarative condition specifying the security requirements for requests matching particular URL paths or patterns.
• base pathThe Actuator base path is the URL path under which Spring Boot Actuator endpoints are exposed.
• Cassandra Query LanguageCQL is Cassandra Query Language, the language for defining, querying, and modifying Cassandra data and schemas.
• OAuthOAuth 2 is an authorization framework that enables a client to obtain limited access to protected resources on behalf of a resource owner.
• build-image goalThe build-image goal is the Spring Boot Maven plugin goal that builds a container image from a Spring Boot application.
• containerA containerized application is an application packaged with the files and runtime components needed to run in a container.
• container registryA container registry is a service that stores and distributes container images.
• DockerThe Docker runtime is the installed Docker software environment that builds and runs Docker images and containers.
• docker builddocker build is a Docker command that constructs a container image from a Dockerfile and its build context.
• DockerfileA Dockerfile is a text configuration file containing instructions for building a container image.
• WebClientWebClient is a Spring reactive HTTP client API for making asynchronous, nonblocking requests.
• pull modelA pull model is a messaging consumption pattern in which a consumer explicitly requests or retrieves messages, potentially waiting until one is available.
• pipelineA pipeline is a sequence of processing components through which data or messages flow from an input toward an output.
• Apache KafkaApache Kafka is a distributed event-streaming platform for publishing, storing, and consuming ordered message streams.
• GenericHandlerGenericHandler is a Spring Integration functional interface for handling a message payload and returning a result.
• @JmsListener@JmsListener is a Spring annotation that marks a method for automatic invocation when JMS messages arrive at a destination.
• push modelA push model is a messaging consumption pattern in which the messaging system delivers available messages to a consumer automatically.
• getForEntity()getForEntity() is a RestTemplate method that performs an HTTP request and returns a ResponseEntity containing the converted response body and response metadata.
• getForObject()getForObject() is a RestTemplate operation that performs an HTTP GET request and returns the response body converted to a specified object type.
• liveness checkA liveness probe is a health indicator that tells an orchestrator whether an application is healthy enough to continue running without being restarted.
• justjust is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a publisher whose signals are driven by specified existing objects.
• array columnAn array column is a database table column whose value contains an array of elements.
• edgeAn entity relationship is an association between persisted domain entities represented in an application's data model.
• setA set is a collection that stores distinct elements without permitting duplicates.
• template cachingTemplate caching stores parsed or processed templates so they do not need to be reparsed for every request.
• dependency injectionA framework that supplies an object's dependencies from outside the object rather than requiring the object to construct them.
• query methodThe JdbcTemplate query method executes a SQL query and maps its result rows to objects, optionally using parameter values.
• @RabbitListener@RabbitListener is a Spring AMQP annotation that marks a bean method for invocation when messages arrive in a RabbitMQ queue.
• RabbitTemplate receive methodsRabbitTemplate receive methods are APIs that pull messages from a RabbitMQ queue, optionally converting them to application objects.
• RowMapperRowMapper is a Spring JDBC interface that maps one row of a query result to an object.
• database updateThe JdbcTemplate update method executes a SQL statement that writes or modifies database data and accepts values for its parameters.
• YAMLYAML is a human-readable data-serialization language commonly used for hierarchical configuration.
• splitter@Splitter is a Spring Integration annotation that identifies a method as producing multiple messages from an input message.
• event loopAn event loop is a concurrency mechanism that repeatedly receives events and dispatches their handlers, typically without dedicating a thread to each request.
• template engineA view template library is a software library that processes templates to generate rendered web views.
• loadUserByUsernameloadUserByUsername is the UserDetailsService operation that loads security information for a specified username.
• password encodingPassword encoding is the one-way transformation of a plaintext password into a stored representation used for later credential verification.
• PasswordEncoderPasswordEncoder is a Spring Security interface for transforming plaintext passwords into encoded representations suitable for secure storage and verification.
• UserDetailsUserDetails is a Spring Security interface that exposes a user's credentials, authorities, and account-status information to the security framework.
• Cassandra clusterA Cassandra cluster is a group of Cassandra nodes that operate together as a database system.
• bodyToMono()bodyToMono() is a WebClient response operation that converts a response body into a Mono of a specified type.
• validation ruleA validation rule is a constraint that determines whether submitted data satisfies a required condition.
• Spring Data RESTSpring Data REST is a Spring Data project that automatically exposes repository operations through REST APIs.
• static resource directoryA static resource directory is a web application's directory for files such as images, stylesheets, and JavaScript that are served without template rendering.
• channel modelThe channel model is a bidirectional communication pattern in which both participants can send data at any time.
• message propertiesMessageProperties is a Spring AMQP object containing metadata and headers associated with a Message.
• @Router@Router is a Spring Integration annotation that identifies a method or bean as defining message-routing behavior.
• build informationMetadata describing an application's project build, including its version, build time, and build environment.
• BuildInfoContributorA Spring Boot Actuator InfoContributor implementation that exposes project build information from a build-info.properties file.
• Git commit metadataMetadata describing the Git revision and commit associated with a project build.
• InfoContributorA Spring Boot Actuator interface whose implementations contribute information to an application's info endpoint response.
• embedded databaseAn embedded database is a database engine that runs within the application process or development environment rather than as a separately managed service.
• asynchronous programmingAsynchronous communication is interapplication communication in which the sender can continue processing without waiting for the recipient's response.
• application modelModel is a Spring MVC object that carries attributes from a controller to a view.
• @patchmapping@PatchMapping is a Spring MVC annotation that maps HTTP PATCH requests to a controller method.
• @putmapping@PutMapping is a Spring MVC annotation that maps HTTP PUT requests to a controller method.
• @messagemapping@MessageMapping is a Spring annotation that maps messages sent to a destination route to a handler method.
• RSocketRequesterRSocketRequester is a Spring client API for constructing and sending RSocket requests and receiving their reactive responses.
• Spring Data MongoDBSpring Data MongoDB is a Spring Data project that provides repository-based persistence for Mongo document databases.
• email endpoint moduleThe email endpoint module is a Spring Integration endpoint module that provides channel adapters for receiving and sending email messages.
• JavaBean Validation APIThe Java standard for declaring and evaluating constraints on Java object properties and method parameters, originally specified as JSR 303.
• @data@Data is a Lombok annotation that generates common data-class methods and a constructor for a class.
• LombokLombok is a Java library that generates boilerplate code, such as accessors, constructors, and object methods, through annotations during compilation.
• health statusA health status is a categorical representation of whether an application or external system is available and operational.
• requestpredicateA Spring functional web API utility class providing predicates for matching HTTP requests.
• routerfunctionA functional web API type that maps matching requests to handler functions.
• serverrequestA Spring functional web API type representing an incoming HTTP request, including its headers and body.
• serverresponseA Spring functional web API type representing an HTTP response, including its headers and body.
• availability change eventAn availability change event is an application event that records a change in an application's liveness or readiness state.
• health groupA health group is an Actuator health-endpoint subset that exposes a selected aspect of an application's health, such as liveness or readiness.
• management.health.probes.enabledmanagement.health.probes.enabled is a Spring Boot configuration property that controls whether Actuator liveness and readiness probes are enabled.
• DocumentA document is a self-contained record in a document database that stores data as structured fields and values.
• page sizeA page size is the maximum number of results requested for one page of a paginated query.
• naming standardA naming convention is a prescribed pattern for names that allows software to infer structure or behavior from those names.
• hypermediaHATEOAS is a REST constraint in which hypermedia controls guide a client through an application's available resources and state transitions.
• hypertext linkA hypermedia link is a response-provided reference that identifies a related resource or available API action.
• web formAn HTML form is a browser document structure containing controls for submitting user-entered data to a server.
• message brokerA message broker is middleware that accepts, routes, and delivers messages between application components or services.
• servlet request attributeA request attribute is a named value associated with an individual web request and made available to request-processing components or view rendering.
• th:eachth:each is a Thymeleaf namespace attribute that repeats element rendering for each item in a collection.
• th:fieldth:field is a Thymeleaf namespace attribute that binds a form element to a model property and manages related field attributes.
• th:textth:text is a Thymeleaf namespace attribute that replaces an element's body with the value of an expression.
• th:valueth:value is a Thymeleaf namespace attribute that sets an output element's value from an expression.
• KafkaTemplateKafkaTemplate is a Spring for Apache Kafka API class that sends records to and receives records from Kafka topics.
• autowiringA Spring technique that automatically supplies a bean with other beans matching its dependencies.
• database URLA database URL is a connection string that identifies a database and specifies how a client should connect to it.
• request-stream modelThe request-stream model is a communication pattern in which a client sends one request and a server returns a stream of zero or more values.
• HTTP PUT methodAn HTTP PUT request sends a complete representation to a resource's URL, conventionally replacing the resource's existing representation.
• SpringBootServletInitializerSpringBootServletInitializer is a Spring Boot class that integrates a Spring application with a servlet container by configuring its application context and servlet components.
• GeneratedKeyHolderA KeyHolder is a Spring JDBC object that captures keys generated by a database during an insert operation.
• PreparedStatementCreatorA Spring JDBC callback object that creates a configured SQL prepared statement with specified parameter values.
• @responsestatus@ResponseStatus is a Spring annotation that declares the HTTP status code returned by a controller method or exception handler.
• RSocket controllerAn RSocket controller is a Spring component whose message-handler methods respond to requests addressed to configured RSocket routes.
• RSocket serverAn RSocket server is a TCP-based endpoint that accepts and handles RSocket requests on a configured port.
• fromArrayfromArray is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a Flux from an array's elements.
• fromStreamfromStream is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a Flux from the elements of a Java Stream.
• intervalinterval is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a Flux emitting incrementing values at specified time intervals.
• rangerange is a Project Reactor factory operation that creates a Flux emitting a finite sequence of consecutive integers.
• integration testAn integration test verifies the interaction of multiple application components, often in a running application context with real dependencies.
• MongoDBMongo is a document-oriented database system commonly known as MongoDB.
• resource tagA tag is a named key-value dimension attached to a metric for classification and filtering.
• onStatus()onStatus() is a WebClient response-handling operation that associates HTTP status predicates with functions producing errors.
• Spring Tool SuiteSpring Tool Suite is an integrated development environment distribution and set of extensions for developing Spring applications.
• custom query methodA custom query method is a repository method whose query is explicitly specified rather than derived entirely from the method name.
• derived query methodA derived query method is a repository method whose query behavior is inferred by parsing its name and matching name components to entity properties and query operators.
• @Query@Query is a Spring Data annotation that associates a repository method with an explicitly specified database query.
• fire-and-forget operationThe fire-and-forget model is a communication pattern in which a client sends a request without receiving a response from the server.
• automatic application restartAutomatic application restart is a development feature that restarts an application when project code or configuration changes are detected.
• class loaderA class loader is a JVM component that loads Java classes and other resources into a running application.
• LiveReload serverA LiveReload server monitors served resources and signals compatible browsers to reload when those resources change.
• bodyToFlux()bodyToFlux() is a WebClient response operation that converts a response body into a Flux of a specified type.

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