Fairness means treating people equitably and avoiding unjustified disparities in system outcomes. For AI that affects citizens, fairness requires more than accurate predictions: systems should demonstrate a lack of bias and explain decisions in plain language. section 10.2
Criminal-justice decisions
Consider a program deciding whether someone should receive incarceration or probation. If medication or social support could address behavioral problems, relying on an opaque system may produce harmful and unfair outcomes. section 10.2
Fairness belongs within broader validation of reliability, privacy, transparency, and explicability. Systems affecting individuals need stringent technical and ethical review before deployment. section 10.2









