Fairness is the effort to treat individuals and groups equitably through an algorithmic system’s design, operation, and outcomes. It forms part of responsible AI alongside transparency, privacy, human oversight, and regulatory compliance. section 10.33
Fairness depends on governance rather than technical design alone. Voluntary company principles have often fallen short, while early-2020s policy discussions increasingly emphasize accountability and comprehensive regulation. Because AI’s effects are global, fairness debates also face concerns about whose interests and perspectives are represented. section 10.33
