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Continuous improvement

As explained in Machine Learning System Design

A feedback loop is a pattern in which a model or system affects the data-generating process that later supplies its inputs or labels.

A feedback loop occurs when a model influences the world that later supplies its data. Recommendations can change which items become popular, so future training data reflects earlier model choices. section 6.3 section 14.4

Popularity reinforcing itself

A marketplace recommends items using current popularity. An item may then gain more attention and become even more popular, reinforcing its place in later recommendations. Recording when samples were generated and which system versions were live can help investigate this pattern, though metadata alone is not enough to avoid it. section 6.3 section 14.4

Feedback loops also complicate online testing: historical data shows what was recommended, but not exactly what would have happened if a user had seen a different item. Interpret results with that uncertainty in mind. section 12.0

How Machine Learning System Design covers it

How deep it goes
Explains the mechanism through recommender examples and flags metadata limits and missing counterfactuals.
Examples
Uses marketplace recommendations that reinforce an item's popularity over time.
What you can do after
Evaluate online recommender results cautiously by recognizing that historical data omits alternative exposures.
How it connects
Connects feedback loops to recommender systems, online testing, metadata, and model drift.

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This explainer was generated by Manning's knowledge graph from the text of Machine Learning System Design. The section links point to the parts of the book it draws on.