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What you will learn in Build Financial Software with Generative AI (From Scratch)

by Christopher Kardell and Mark Brouwer

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Chapter by chapter

Concepts explained in this book

• ACH fileAn ACH file is a formatted fixed-width ASCII file containing payment records whose fields occupy prescribed character positions.
• generative modelingGenerative artificial intelligence, or generative AI, produces new content such as text, code, images, or other data from learned patterns and input.
• behavior-driven developmentBehavior-driven development is a software-development and testing practice that specifies expected behavior through human-readable examples accessible to technical and nontechnical stakeholders.
• foreign keyA foreign key is a database constraint that references a key in another table to link related records and enforce valid relationships.
• PydanticPydantic is a Python library for declaring data models and validating and serializing data using Python type annotations.
• endpointAn API endpoint is a network-accessible address or operation at which an API exposes a resource or functionality.
• contractAn application programming interface (API) is a defined interface through which software components communicate and request functionality or data.
• referential integrityReferential integrity is a database property that requires references between related records to remain valid and prevents references to nonexistent records.
• exceptionAn exception is an abnormal runtime condition that interrupts normal program execution and can be handled by application code.
• ChatGPTA conversational generative-AI system that responds to natural-language prompts and can generate text or code.
• unparsed recordAn unparsed record is a record retained in its original formatted representation without decomposition into database fields.
• verificationVerification is the process of checking generated or modified software for correctness, suitability, and understandability before relying on it.
• left outer joinA left join is a relational query operation that returns every row from the left relation and matching rows from the right relation, representing missing matches with null values.
• Docker ComposeDocker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications from a declarative configuration file.
• international ACH transaction (IAT)An International ACH Transaction (IAT) is an ACH payment involving a financial agency outside the United States and subject to additional regulatory and formatting requirements.
• validationValidation is the process of checking data or inputs against defined correctness and acceptance rules.
• DockerDocker is a platform for packaging, distributing, and running applications in isolated containers.
• header recordA batch header record is an ACH record that marks the beginning of a batch and identifies information applicable to the batch's entries and addenda records.
• parsingParsing is the process of analyzing structured input and converting it into accessible data elements according to its format.
• TestcontainersTestcontainers is a library for creating and managing disposable containerized dependencies for automated tests.
• automated clearing houseThe Automated Clearing House (ACH) is a U.S. electronic payment network that processes batch credit and debit transfers between participating financial institutions.
• HTTP response codeAn HTTP status code is a numeric response indicator that communicates the outcome of an HTTP request.
• data integrityData integrity is the preservation of data's accuracy, consistency, completeness, and validity during storage and use.
• mockingMocking is a testing and development technique that replaces real data or dependencies with controlled predefined substitutes.
• type hintsA type hint is optional type information attached to program elements to document or support expected value types.
• inner joinAn inner join is a relational query operation that returns only rows having matching values in both joined relations.
• feature fileA feature file is a human-readable specification file that declares a behavior-driven development feature and its test scenarios.
• step definitionAn executable binding that maps a human-readable behavior-driven development step to test code.
• PythonPython is a general-purpose, dynamically typed programming language with a concise syntax and an extensive standard library.
• company limitA company limit is a configured threshold that restricts or governs a company's financial or operational activity.
• test-driven developmentTest-driven development is a software-development practice in which tests are written before or alongside implementation and guide short implementation cycles.
• Next.jsNext.js is a React-based web framework for building full-stack applications with features such as routing, rendering, and optimization.
• OpenAPI specificationAn OpenAPI definition is a machine-readable description of an HTTP API's available operations, inputs, outputs, and metadata.
• docker-compose.ymlA docker-compose.yml file is a YAML configuration file that defines services, networks, volumes, and related settings for Docker Compose applications.
• health checkA health check is an automated test or status evaluation that determines whether an application or runtime component is functioning acceptably.
• company informationCompany information is information describing a business entity, including identifying, operational, or account-related details.
• DockerfileA Dockerfile is a text configuration file containing instructions for building a container image.
• parameterized queryA parameterized query is a database query whose SQL structure is separated from values supplied as parameters.
• data gridMUI DataGrid is a Material UI component for displaying and interacting with tabular data in a user interface.
• number typeNUMERIC is a database data type for storing exact decimal numbers with specified precision and scale.
• ACH dashboardAn ACH dashboard is a software interface for viewing or managing information about Automated Clearing House transactions.
• D3.jsD3.js is a JavaScript library for binding data to documents and creating dynamic, interactive data visualizations.
• ACH entryAn entry detail record is an ACH record containing transaction-level information such as an account number and an amount to credit or debit.
• database connectionA database connection is a communication session through which an application accesses a database server.
• hardcodingA hardcoded value is a literal configuration or data value embedded directly in source code or another fixed artifact instead of being supplied dynamically.
• DecimalDecimal is Python's arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic type for representing base-ten numbers without the usual binary floating-point approximation.
• object-relational mapperAn object-relational mapper is software that maps programming-language objects to relational database tables and operations.
• OFAC scanningOFAC scanning is the process of comparing customers or financial transactions against sanctions lists maintained or provided by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control.
• test fixtureA pytest fixture is a pytest mechanism that provides setup, data, or reusable context to test functions.
• assertionAn assert statement checks that a condition is true during program execution and signals an assertion failure when it is false.
• fuzzy matchingA fuzzy matching algorithm compares strings approximately so that similar values can be matched despite minor differences.
• HTTP GETGET is an HTTP request method used to retrieve a representation of a resource.
• CORSCross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a browser security mechanism that controls whether a web page may request resources from a different origin.
• modernization initiativeThe process of updating an existing software product to improve its technology, maintainability, compatibility, or cost effectiveness.
• coalesce functionThe SQL COALESCE function returns the first non-null expression from a sequence of expressions.
• FastAPIFastAPI is a Python web framework for building application programming interfaces with automatic validation and documentation.
• web search apiA search API accepts search criteria and returns matching records.
• dashboardA dashboard is a user interface that presents information and supports interactions for monitoring or managing an application or process.
• PPDPPD (Prearranged Payment and Deposit) is an ACH standard entry class code for authorized recurring credit and debit entries, including direct deposits.
• WireMockWireMock is a tool for mocking HTTP-based services with programmable request matching and predefined responses.
• regular expressionA regular expression is a pattern notation for matching and manipulating text according to specified character and repetition rules.
• refactoringRefactoring is the restructuring of existing code to improve its organization or maintainability without changing its externally observable behavior.
• ACH recordAn ACH record is a fixed-format line in an ACH file representing a file, batch, entry, addenda, or trailer element.
• principle of least privilegeThe principle of least privilege is a security practice of granting only the permissions necessary to perform required work and removing elevated permissions when they are no longer needed.
• enumAn enum type is a database type whose permitted values are defined by a finite named set of labels.
• container imageA Docker image is a read-only package containing the filesystem, application code, and dependencies used to create containers.
• pytestpytest is a Python testing framework for writing and running automated tests.
• user storyA user story is a concise Agile requirement statement describing a capability from a user's perspective and its intended benefit.
• md5MD5 is a cryptographic hash algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest from input data.
• multipart/form-dataMultipart/form-data is a media encoding format that packages one or more form fields or files into separate parts of an HTTP request.
• python-multipartpython-multipart is a Python package for parsing multipart form-data request bodies.
• SQL injectionSQL injection is a vulnerability in which attacker-controlled input changes the intended structure or behavior of a database query.
• orphan recordAn orphan record is a database record whose required referenced parent or related record no longer exists.
• primary keyA primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a relational table.
• database designDatabase design is the process of structuring data, schemas, relationships, and access requirements for a database system.
• problem definitionProblem formulation is the practice of specifying a problem's context, objective, constraints, and observable failure precisely.
• prompt engineeringPrompt engineering is the practice of designing clear, specific inputs that guide a language model toward useful responses.
• minimal productA minimum viable product is an initial product version that delivers enough core functionality to release to customers and gather feedback.
• paginationPagination is the technique of dividing a large result set into smaller portions that can be requested and displayed separately.
• .env fileAn .env file is a conventionally named environment file containing application configuration values as environment-variable assignments.
• pytest-postgresqlpytest-postgresql is a package that manages PostgreSQL connections and test databases for pytest.
• addenda type codeAn addenda type code is a code that identifies the specific subtype and field layout of an ACH addenda record.
• acceptance criteriaConditions that define when a software feature or project outcome is considered complete and acceptable.
• SAFeThe SAFe Agile framework is a structured framework for scaling Agile software development across teams, programs, and portfolios.
• requirements.txtrequirements.txt is a conventional Python configuration file that declares installable package dependencies and, optionally, their versions.
• WSO2 API ManagerAn API manager is software that provides centralized capabilities for publishing, securing, governing, documenting, monitoring, and managing APIs.
• integration testIntegration testing evaluates whether multiple software components work together correctly across their dependencies.
• Gantt chartA Gantt chart is a project-planning visualization that represents tasks and their timing on a timeline.
• industry typeAn industry type is a database-defined type that restricts an industry value to an approved set of categories.
• on delete cascadeON DELETE CASCADE is a database referential action that automatically deletes dependent records when their referenced parent record is deleted.
• SQLAlchemySQLAlchemy is a Python library and ORM toolkit for working with relational databases through SQL expressions and mapped objects.
• environment variableAn environment variable is a named value supplied through a process environment to configure software without embedding the value in source code.
• not-null constraintA NOT NULL constraint requires a database column to contain a value rather than SQL NULL.
• HTMLHTML is the standard markup language for structuring web pages and their content.
• expected fileAn expected file is a scheduled or otherwise anticipated document that an organization must receive or process.
• scatter plotA scatterplot is a visualization that represents paired quantitative observations as points positioned on two axes.
• preflight requestA preflight request is a browser-generated cross-origin HTTP request that asks whether a subsequent request is permitted before sending it.
• trailer recordA file trailer record is the final ACH-file record that terminates the file and contains file-level control totals and validation information.
• bar chartA bar chart, or bar graph, represents categorical values with rectangular bars whose lengths or heights encode magnitude.
• file-system based routingFile-based routing is a routing technique in which filesystem paths and files determine application URL routes.
• TypeScriptTypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to JavaScript.
• asynchronous programmingAsynchronous processing is execution in which a request can proceed without waiting synchronously for the complete operation to finish.
• component testingComponent testing is testing that evaluates an isolated software component, such as an API, independently of other components.
• pytest-bddpytest-bdd is a Python plugin that integrates behavior-driven development scenarios with pytest tests.
• TestClientTestClient is a testing client interface that sends requests to an application and exposes the resulting responses for assertions.
• testing pyramidA testing pyramid is a model that organizes software tests by scope, with numerous fast isolated tests at the base and fewer slower broader tests toward the top.
• currency formattingCurrency formatting is the transformation of monetary values into display strings with appropriate currency symbols, decimal precision, digit grouping, and locale conventions.
• ACH fieldAn ACH field is a value-bearing data element within an ACH record that occupies a prescribed fixed position and length.
• agile software developmentAgile is an iterative software-development approach that emphasizes incremental delivery, collaboration, and adaptation to changing requirements.
• warning messageA warning is a business condition that requires notification but does not necessarily prevent ACH file processing.
• formatterA code formatter is a software tool that automatically applies a consistent prescribed layout and style to source code.
• lintingA linter is a static-analysis tool that detects style violations, common programming mistakes, and other suspicious patterns in source code.
• transaction codeA transaction code is a code that classifies the type or direction of a financial transaction, such as a debit or credit.
• row countA record count is the number of records represented in a file or batch control summary.
• npxnpx is a command-line package runner distributed with npm for executing packages without requiring a global installation.
• env_file propertyAn env_file directive is a Docker Compose configuration directive that loads environment variables from a specified file into a service.
• osThe Python os module provides interfaces to operating-system services, including access to process environment variables.
• os.getenvos.getenv is a Python standard-library function that retrieves a named environment variable and can return a fallback when it is absent.
• exception details modalAn exception details modal is a dialog interface that presents detailed information about a detected application or data exception.
• flat fileA flat file is a file that stores data without relational structure, typically as unstructured or minimally structured text.
• IPvAnyNetworkIPvAnyNetwork is a Pydantic type that validates IPv4 or IPv6 network values, including individual addresses and address ranges.
• PlaywrightPlaywright is a cross-browser automation and testing tool for web applications that supports multiple programming languages and operating systems.
• database containerA database container is a container running a database management system and its supporting initialization behavior.
• YAGNI principleYAGNI is the software-development principle of avoiding functionality and complexity until they are actually needed.
• load testingLoad testing is nonfunctional testing that evaluates an application's behavior and performance under simulated user or request loads.
• PostgreSQLPostgreSQL is an open-source object-relational database management system known for SQL support, extensibility, and transactional reliability.
• fullstackFull stack development is software development spanning the user-facing frontend, backend processing, and the components connecting them.
• field validatorA field validator is a Pydantic annotation or decorator that applies custom validation logic to a model field.
• arrange act assert patternA behavior-driven test structure that expresses preconditions, an action, and expected outcomes.
• immediate destinationAn immediate destination is the ACH file-header field identifying the receiving financial institution's routing number.
• Access-Control-Allow headersAccess-Control-Allow-Origin is an HTTP response header that specifies which origins may access a resource.
• middlewareMiddleware is software that intercepts and processes requests or responses between an application and its surrounding interfaces.
• financial technologyFinancial technology, or fintech, is the application of technology to deliver, support, or improve financial products and services.
• INET data typeThe PostgreSQL INET data type stores IPv4 or IPv6 host addresses and networks and supports network-aware operations.
• API managementAPI lifecycle management is the governance of an API through states such as creation, publication, and deprecation.
• Pylintpylint is a Python static-analysis tool that detects coding errors, style problems, and maintainability issues.
• Material UIMUI is a React component library implementing Material Design-based user-interface components and layout utilities.
• React hookA React hook is a function-based API for managing component state and lifecycle behavior.
• edit distanceLevenshtein distance is a string metric counting the minimum single-character insertions, deletions, and substitutions needed to transform one string into another.
• fuzzystrmatchfuzzystrmatch is a PostgreSQL extension that provides string-similarity and phonetic-matching functions.
• iat processingIAT processing is the operational handling of International ACH Transactions, including their records, fields, and addenda.
• byteaBYTEA is a PostgreSQL binary-string data type for storing variable-length binary data.
• SQL triggerA database trigger is database code that executes automatically in response to specified database events.
• tax identification numberA tax identification number is an identifier assigned to a company for tax and related administrative purposes.
• viewA database view is a virtual table defined by a stored query over one or more database tables.
• code duplicationCode duplication is the repetition of substantially similar implementation logic in multiple places within a software system.
• EXPLAINEXPLAIN ANALYZE is an SQL command that executes a query and reports its execution plan and runtime statistics.
• one-to-many relationshipA one-to-many relationship is a data relationship in which one record can be associated with multiple records of another type.
• image sizeImage size is the amount of storage space required by a container image.
• container securityContainer security is the practice of protecting container images, runtimes, configurations, and workloads from compromise and misuse.
• defense in depthDefense in depth is a security strategy that uses multiple independent layers of protection across physical, network, application, data, and access controls.
• monolithic architectureMonolithic architecture is an architectural style in which an application’s functionality is packaged and deployed as a single unit.
• epicAn epic is a large Agile work item representing a substantial project, initiative, or body of related work.
• PI planning sessionA PI planning session is a collaborative planning event in SAFe that aligns teams on objectives, work, dependencies, and risks for an upcoming program increment.
• program incrementA program increment is a fixed SAFe planning and delivery period typically lasting eight to twelve weeks.
• sprintA sprint is a short, fixed development iteration in which a team works on a selected set of software objectives.
• enabler storyAn enabler story is an Agile work item supporting exploration, architecture, infrastructure, compliance, or other activities needed to enable future functionality.

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