What you will learn in Digital Twins in Action
Chapter by chapter
Concepts explained in this book
- digital twinA digital representation of a physical system that is updated with real-world data to reflect current conditions, support analysis and simulation, and potentially send instructions back to the physical system.
- sensorA sensor is a device that detects a physical condition and produces a corresponding measurement or signal.
- simulationThe computational modeling of possible conditions or changes in order to predict their effects before acting on a real system.
- AI agentAn AI agent is a software system that uses an artificial-intelligence model to plan and execute sequences of actions toward a goal while interacting with tools and external state.
- meshA mesh-based 3D model represents complex shapes as networks of points and connecting lines or polygonal elements for efficient rendering.
- ontologyAn ontology is a formal specification of concepts, relationships, and constraints in a domain that gives data a shared semantic interpretation.
- language modelA large language model is a machine-learning model trained on large text corpora to process and generate natural language, optionally incorporating visual inputs.
- visualizationVisualization is the representation of data or system information through graphical or visual forms.
- GraphQLGraphQL is a query language and runtime for APIs that lets clients specify the fields and shape of the response they require.
- data governanceGovernance is the framework of ownership, accountability, decision rights, controls, and processes that directs and oversees a system.
- contextContext is information about a specific system, domain, or situation that conditions the interpretation and generation of model outputs.
- spatial informationSpatial data is data that represents the physical locations and geometric relationships of objects or events in space.
- data aggregationAn aggregate is a summary value computed from multiple data records, such as an average, minimum, or maximum.
- computer visionComputer vision is the computational analysis of images or video to derive information about objects, activities, and environments.
- contractAn API is a defined interface through which software components access operations or data provided by another component.
- 3d point cloudA point cloud is a collection of points in three-dimensional space, typically storing coordinates and optional attributes such as color, timestamp, or intensity.
- edge computingEdge computing is a computing architecture that processes data near the device or data source rather than exclusively in a remote cloud.
- generationGenerative AI is a class of artificial-intelligence models that produces new content or data from learned patterns.
- OCROCR is the automated recognition and conversion of text in images or scanned documents into machine-readable characters.
- energy consumptionElectricity consumption is the amount of electrical energy consumed by a system or facility.
- anomaly detectionAn anomaly is an observation or condition that deviates from expected system behavior or normal operating patterns.
- human-in-the-loopHuman oversight is the supervision and authorization of an autonomous system's decisions and actions by people.
- predictive digital twinA comprehensive digital twin is a digital twin that simulates possible future states of a physical system and updates mathematical models with system data.
- 3D assetA 3D model is a digital representation of the shape and spatial structure of an object or environment.
- streamingA data stream is a continuously or repeatedly produced sequence of data records from one or more sources.
- edgeA geometric edge is a line segment connecting two vertices in a polygonal model.
- sparklineA sparkline is a compact inline chart that shows a data trend without conventional chart elements such as axes or labels.
- GrafanaGrafana is an open-source observability and data visualization platform for querying, displaying, and monitoring data from multiple sources.
- historical dataHistorical data consists of recorded observations from earlier periods that provide evidence about past states, behavior, or trends.
- costCost is the monetary or resource expenditure required to operate, store, transfer, or compute within a system.
- Industry Foundation ClassesIFC is an open standard for representing and exchanging building and construction information across software systems.
- feature engineeringFeature engineering is the process of constructing informative input variables from raw data for analysis or machine learning.
- floor planA floor plan is a two-dimensional drawing that represents the layout of rooms, spaces, and features within a building or structure.
- Torricelli's lawTorricelli's law relates the outflow speed of fluid through an opening to the fluid height above that opening under gravity.
- predictive maintenancePredictive maintenance is a maintenance strategy that schedules intervention based on predicted equipment condition or failure rather than fixed intervals or post-failure response.
- ownershipOwnership is the assignment of responsibility and authority for the operation, maintenance, and outcomes of a system or capability.
- ParquetParquet is a column-oriented, open-source file format for efficient storage and retrieval of structured data.
- topicAn MQTT topic is a hierarchical name used to route published messages to clients that subscribe to matching topic names.
- driftData drift is a change in the distribution of input data relative to the reference data used to train a model.
- building information modelA building information model is a three-dimensional representation of a building or infrastructure asset that includes structured information about its components, properties, and relationships.
- parametric modelA parametric model defines geometry through mathematical relationships and constraints so that changes to parameters update dependent geometry.
- coordinate systemA coordinate system is a framework for specifying the position of points using numerical coordinates relative to defined axes or references.
- observabilityObservability is the ability to understand a system's internal condition and behavior from its externally generated outputs and operational signals.
- provenanceLineage tracking records the origins, transformations, dependencies, and destinations of data or derived artifacts.
- IT systemAn information technology system is a computing system that manages enterprise information, applications, and business processes rather than directly controlling physical processes.
- operational technologyA system that monitors or controls physical industrial processes and equipment.
- thermal inertiaThermal inertia is a physical system's resistance to rapid temperature change because heat is stored and released over time.
- monitoringLogging is the recording of discrete events and contextual information produced by a software system.
- CesiumJSCesiumJS is an open-source JavaScript library for creating interactive three-dimensional geospatial visualizations in web applications.
- data modelA data model is an abstract structure that defines how data entities, relationships, and constraints are represented and organized.
- Wavefront OBJOBJ is a text-based geometry file format for representing three-dimensional models, including vertices, texture coordinates, normals, and polygonal faces.
- 3D Tiles3D Tiles is an OGC standard for hierarchical streaming and rendering of massive three-dimensional geospatial datasets with level-of-detail selection and feature metadata.
- functional mock-up unitA functional mock-up unit is a portable package containing a compiled model and, depending on its type, a numerical solver for execution in an FMI-compliant environment.
- photogrammetryPhotogrammetry is a technique for deriving measurements and three-dimensional models from photographs or other imagery.
- databaseA data store is a software system or repository that persists and retrieves data.
- change managementChange control is the governed process for evaluating, approving, implementing, and tracking changes to a system or its operating configuration.
- inputA feature is an input variable or measurable property used to characterize an instance in analytical or machine learning processing.
- line plotA line graph is a chart that connects data values in sequence to show changes and trends, commonly over time.
- μPlotμPlot is a compact JavaScript charting library optimized for rendering large time-series datasets.
- schemaA schema is a formal specification of the concepts, relationships, properties, or structures that organize information in a domain or system.
- geographic coordinateA geographic coordinate is a numerical value specifying a location on or relative to the Earth, typically by latitude, longitude, or elevation.
- total cost of ownershipTotal cost of ownership is the complete cost of acquiring, operating, maintaining, and eventually replacing a system or technology.
- LoRaWANLoRaWAN is a low-power wide-area wireless networking protocol for connecting battery-powered devices over long distances.
- physical systemA real-world object, process, or collection of interacting components whose state and behavior can be represented digitally.
- agent loopAn agent loop is an iterative execution pattern in which an AI agent reasons, invokes tools, updates context or state, and continues until producing an outcome.
- Strands SDKStrands SDK is an open-source software development kit for implementing AI agents and their execution loops.
- promptA system prompt is a high-level instruction supplied to a model that establishes an agent's role, behavior, and constraints.
- toolAn agent tool is a callable function or external resource that an AI agent invokes to obtain information or affect an external system.
- tool decoratorA decorator that marks a Python function as a callable tool for an AI agent.
- authorizationAccess control is the restriction and authorization of access to resources or actions according to identities, roles, or policies.
- computational fluid dynamicsComputational fluid dynamics is the numerical modeling of fluid motion, transport, and related physical quantities by solving governing equations on a discretized spatial domain.
- data sourceA data source is a system, device, person, or process that produces or supplies data.
- RESTA REST API is a web interface that exposes resources and operations through HTTP methods and resource-oriented URLs.
- piping and instrumentation diagramA piping diagram is a technical drawing showing the pipes, connected equipment, and flow relationships in a process or facility.
- ACIDAn ACID transaction is a database transaction characterized by atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability guarantees.
- ModelicaModelica is an object-oriented, equation-based modeling language for representing and simulating complex physical systems.
- coordinateA 2D coordinate is an ordered pair of values specifying a position in a two-dimensional coordinate space.
- graphA data structure consisting of nodes and edges that represent entities and relationships between them.
- dependencyA software dependency is a library, package, service, or runtime required by another software component.
- finite element methodThe finite element method is a numerical technique that approximates solutions to governing physical equations by subdividing a domain into discrete elements.
- style guideA standard is an agreed specification for the structure, behavior, or exchange of systems and data.
- autonomous digital twinAn autonomous digital twin is a digital twin that independently evaluates changing conditions and takes or recommends real-world actions beyond fixed preprogrammed rules.
- sequenceTime-series data is a sequence of observations indexed by time, often representing sensor measurements or other changing quantities.
- sampling rateSampling rate is the number of measurements acquired by a sensor per unit of time.
These guides are generated from the text of Manning books by Manning's knowledge graph and link to the sections they draw on. The full books are available on liveBook and at manning.com.